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本人主力工作电脑已经迁移到苹果芯片m1的macbook上#xff0c;曾经尝试使用Fusion安装CentOS、OpenEuler、Ubuntu的一些版本#xff0c;都没有安装成功。最近开始研究Linux/Unix系统编程#xff0c;迫切需要通过VMware Fusion安装一台Linux操作系统的虚拟机。
Linux安…背景
本人主力工作电脑已经迁移到苹果芯片m1的macbook上曾经尝试使用Fusion安装CentOS、OpenEuler、Ubuntu的一些版本都没有安装成功。最近开始研究Linux/Unix系统编程迫切需要通过VMware Fusion安装一台Linux操作系统的虚拟机。
Linux安装
在VMware Fusion下通过Linux发行版iso镜像安装操作大部分步骤已经比较成熟本文不做过多介绍这里主要介绍安装过程遇到的问题和解决方案。
尝试OpenEuler
OpenEuler 22.03和24.03均在grub引导阶段失败报错如下
# OpenEuler 22.03
EFI stub:Booting Linux Kernel...
EFI stub:EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL unavailableno randomness supplied
EFI stub:Using DTB from configuration table
EFI stub:Exiting boot services and installing virtual address map..# OpenEuler 24.03
EFI stub:Booting Linux Kernel...
EFI stub:EFI_RNG_PROTOCOL unavailableno randomness supplied
EFI stub:Using DTB from configuration table
EFI stub:Exiting boot services...OpenEuler安装多次失败尝试无果参考网友分享m1 MacOS上通过Parallels Desktop成功安装Debian 10的版本并成功运行大数据相关软件。VMware Fusion作为功能类似的软件理论上也具有成功安装Debian Linux的能力因此我选择采用Debian ARM64版本: Debian 12.5 网络安装形式的最小镜像debian-12.5.0-arm64-netinst.iso。
安装Debian
由于Debian ISO镜像默认为国外源会导致安装软件的步骤无比慢建议Debian OS安装完后改为国内镜像进一步配置。需要通过一下操作进行 1、Fusion创建VM时需要断开网络 2、安装过程指定国内镜像 3、完成安装
配置Debian/Linux
在Debian 12.5安装成功后通过Fusion VM控制台root登陆OS开始配置操作 1、检查并启动网络
rootdebian:~# ip route show#发现没有IP地址无法联网通过dhcpclient连接网络
rootdebian:~# dhclient ens160 2、修改Debian 12.5bookworm源为国内镜像
rootdebian:~# cat /etc/apt/sources.list
#deb cdrom:[Debian GNU/Linux 12.5.0 _Bookworm_ - Official arm64 DVD Binary-1 with firmware 20240210-11:28]/ bookworm contrib main non-free-firmware
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-updates main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian/ bookworm-backports main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main non-free non-free-firmware contrib
deb-src https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security/ bookworm-security main non-free non-free-firmware contrib# 配置sources.list后更新缓存
rootdebian:~# apt-get update
Hit:1 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian bookworm InRelease
Hit:2 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian bookworm-updates InRelease
Hit:3 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian bookworm-backports InRelease
Hit:4 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security bookworm-security InRelease
Get:5 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian bookworm/non-free-firmware Sources [6,168 B]
Get:6 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian bookworm/non-free-firmware arm64 Packages [5,824 B]
Get:7 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian bookworm/non-free-firmware Translation-en [20.8 kB]
Get:8 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian bookworm-updates/non-free-firmware Sources [2,076 B]
Get:9 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian bookworm-updates/non-free-firmware arm64 Packages [616 B]
Get:10 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian bookworm-updates/non-free-firmware Translation-en [384 B]
Get:11 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security bookworm-security/non-free-firmware Sources [796 B]
Get:12 https://mirrors.huaweicloud.com/debian-security bookworm-security/non-free-firmware Translation-en [472 B]
Fetched 37.2 kB in 4s (10.2 kB/s)
Reading package lists... Done网络最小化安装的Debian/Linux的sources.list文件本只指定了DVD的位置不存在相关镜像链接该链接为参考网易镜像提供的Debian buster版本sources.list文件的修改而来。
3、安装NetworkManager解决Debian/Linux VM重启后网络消失的问题
rootdebian:~# apt-get install network-manager
rootdebian:~# systemctl start network-manager
rootdebian:~# systemctl status NetworkManager
● NetworkManager.service - Network ManagerLoaded: loaded (/lib/systemd/system/NetworkManager.service; enabled; preset: enabled)Active: active (running) since Wed 2024-06-19 10:33:35 EDT; 7h leftDocs: man:NetworkManager(8)Main PID: 700 (NetworkManager)Tasks: 3 (limit: 2251)Memory: 15.1MCPU: 400msCGroup: /system.slice/NetworkManager.service└─700 /usr/sbin/NetworkManager --no-daemonJun 19 10:33:35 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807615.8088] dhcp4 (ens160): state changed no lease
Jun 19 10:33:38 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807618.0607] dhcp4 (ens160): state changed new lease, add
Jun 19 10:33:38 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807618.0620] policy: set Wired connection 1 (ens160) as
Jun 19 10:33:38 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807618.0692] device (ens160): state change: ip-config -
Jun 19 10:33:38 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807618.0719] device (ens160): state change: ip-check - s
Jun 19 10:33:38 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807618.0721] device (ens160): state change: secondaries -
Jun 19 10:33:38 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807618.0724] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECT
Jun 19 10:33:38 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807618.0727] device (ens160): Activation: successful, dev
Jun 19 10:33:38 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807618.0731] manager: NetworkManager state is now CONNECT
Jun 19 10:33:38 debian NetworkManager[700]: info [1718807618.0735] manager: startup complete# 开启NetworkManager随VM开机启动
rootdebian:~# systemctl enable NetworkManager重启Debian/Linux VM后检查发现可以正常联网
rootdebian:~# ip route show
default via 192.168.7.254 dev ens160 proto dhcp src 192.168.4.223 metric 100
192.168.4.0/22 dev ens160 proto kernel scope link src 192.168.4.223 metric 1004、安装防火墙管理、编辑器软件
rootdebian:~# apt-get install ufw
rootdebian:~# ufw enable
# 打开端口22 TCP,方便ssh登陆
ufw allow 22/tcp
rootdebian:~# ufw status
Status: activeTo Action From
-- ------ ----
22/tcp ALLOW Anywhere
22/tcp (v6) ALLOW Anywhere (v6) 5、配置root用户登陆以及普通用户提权到root
# 配置root用户登陆
rootdebian:~# cat /etc/ssh/sshd_config | grep PermitRootLogin
#PermitRootLogin prohibit-password
PermitRootLogin yes
# the setting of PermitRootLogin prohibit-password.# 配置普通用户提权
# 检查发现不存在sudo配置文件/etc/sudoers因此需要先安装sudo
rootdebian:~# apt-get install sudo
# sudo配置文件为root只读权限需要加写权限
rootdebian:~# chmod w /etc/sudoers# 修改/etc/sudoers, 在%sudo ALL(ALL:ALL) ALL后添加hbu的免密提权配置
rootdebian:~# cat /etc/sudoers | grep -n ALL
47:root ALL(ALL:ALL) ALL
50:%sudo ALL(ALL:ALL) ALL
51:hbu ALL(ALL) NOPASSWD:ALL
# 去除sudo配置写权限
rootdebian:~# chmod -w /etc/sudoers参考
1、 解决在MacBook Air m1芯片上使用parallels Desktop装ubuntu20.04 arm64 出现EFI
